The Complex Terrain of Critical Theory: A Closer Look
Exploring critical theory through a "divide and conquer" lens reveals how such a strategy underscores the shortcomings in the conventional responses to critiques along isolated axes of oppression. This approach, rather than fostering a nuanced understanding, often oversimplifies complex issues, suggesting that problems identified in the twentieth century have been sufficiently addressed. What do we mean by "divide and conquer"? It refers to the method of addressing each theoretical branch in isolation. While this strategy might seem straightforward, it ultimately fails to capture the interconnectedness and depth of these issues.
Responding to feminism by alleging a "woman agenda" that opposes men is a flawed approach. Similarly, addressing queer theory with accusations of a "gay agenda" aimed at either the liberation or, pejoratively, the perversion of sexuality, misses the mark. Regarding post-colonialism, dismissing historical injustices by claiming modern society bears no responsibility also falls short of a constructive response. Yet, not all responses need be negative. New Zealand's response to the suffragettes by granting women voting rights, and subsequent efforts to equalize employment opportunities, are examples of positive engagement with feminist critiques.
The adjustments made in response to feminist critiques and the legal advancements for LGBTQ+ rights, such as the decriminalization of homosexuality and the legalization of same-sex marriage in New Zealand, indicate that societal critiques by critical theorists and activists have not been entirely overlooked.
However, the concept of intersectionality complicates this scenario further by illustrating how addressing issues of oppression sequentially can leave behind various marginalized groups that become visible only afterwards. The adage "feminism is for white women, and race theory for black men" underscores the oversight of women of color, who now represent a newly marginalized group receiving scant support from the leaders of twentieth-century feminist and race movements.
Despite the quality of responses to critiques from each axis of oppression—some constructive, some not—treating them in isolation only partially addresses the problem. This approach may de-marginalize some groups while leaving others entrenched in old patterns of oppression. This nuanced landscape of critical theory demands a holistic understanding that recognizes the interconnectedness of various forms of oppression and the importance of an inclusive approach that considers the complex realities of all marginalized groups.
